Peñas Above: The Evocation of a Forgotten Rural World

  

   "Peñas Above" is a novel by José María de Pereda that transports us to the landscapes and traditions of 19th century Cantabria, awakening our nostalgia and evoking a lost past.

   In this work, Pereda takes us through its pages to the daily life of the inhabitants of the Cantabrian valleys. Through his sensitive pen and evocative prose, the author presents us with a detailed portrait of the landscapes, customs and people that make up the fabric of this land.

   The plot develops with delicacy and authenticity, taking us to meet the unforgettable characters that inhabit this rural world. Pereda shows us his joys and his sorrows, his struggles and his desires, framed by an imposing landscape full of life.

   The greatness of "Peñas Above" lies in Pereda's ability to convey to us the very essence of this rural world. Through his detailed descriptions and attention to detail, he immerses us in the atmosphere of rural life, makes us feel the aroma of the mountains, hear the whisper of the rivers and experience the emotions of his characters with palpable intensity.

   As we progress through the story, we encounter the conflicts and challenges that the characters face, from social tensions to moral dilemmas and internal struggles. Pereda invites us to reflect on the values ​​and traditions that make up the identity of a community, and shows us how the clash between modernity and deep-rooted customs can generate tensions and deep conflicts.

   "Peñas Above" is more than a simple novel, it is a window to a past that slowly fades in the collective memory. Pereda invites us to reflect on the importance of preserving our roots and traditions, and shows us the beauty and richness of a culture that is in danger of disappearing.

   This work transcends its time and place, resonating in every corner of the world where traditions and cultural legacy are threatened. It is a call to preserve our identity and honor our roots, reminding us that local stories have universal value and connect us with the deepest part of our humanity, establishing itself as a moving and enduring literary work that invites us to appreciate and value the treasures of our past. José María de Pereda shows us that the soul of a community is found in its traditions and in the love that its inhabitants feel for their land.

   To conclude, "Peñas Above" immerses us in a melancholic and poetic journey through a forgotten rural world, inviting us to reflect on the importance of our roots and to remember that true greatness lies in the preservation of our cultural identity. This masterpiece endures over time as a testimony to Pereda's literary legacy and as a reminder that the past is still alive in our stories and traditions.

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The Life of Marcus Brutus: A Profound Portrait of the Tragic Soul

  

   "Life of Marcus Brutus" is a fictional biography that immerses us in the tragic psychology of one of the most emblematic characters in Roman history.

   In this work, Quevedo transports us to ancient Rome, where we learn about the life of Marcus Brutus, the eternal antagonist of Julius Caesar. Through his conceptual style, the author immerses us in the internal struggles and deep motivations of this tragic character.

   The plot is masterfully developed, taking us from Brutus' youth to his participation in the conspiracy that culminated in the assassination of Caesar. Through this journey, Quevedo shows us the moral complexity of Bruto, who is torn between his love for his country and his loyalty to a friend and charismatic leader.

   The greatness of this work lies in Quevedo's ability to penetrate the recesses of the human soul. Through the character of Brutus, we delve into the existential doubts, ethical struggles and moral dilemmas that afflict human beings. Quevedo invites us to reflect on the nature of loyalty, sacrifice and betrayal, shedding light on the paradoxes and contradictions inherent to the human condition.

   "Life of Marcus Brutus" is a profound and emotional portrait of a tragic character, whose actions and motivations resonate in the far reaches of history. Quevedo shows us how passions and ideals can lead to destruction and tragedy, but he also reminds us of the strength and courage that can emerge from tormented souls.

   Through his masterful prose and sharp perspective, Quevedo immerses us in moral dilemmas and human emotions that transcend time. His ability to explore the duality of human nature and put it into words leaves us fascinated and invites us to reflect on our own internal battles.

   The present work stands as an enduring testimony of Quevedo's literary mastery and his ability to capture the complexity and greatness of the human condition. It is a call to delve into the abysses of our own existence, to face our own demons and to reflect on the decisions that shape our lives. In short, it immerses us in an emotional and philosophical journey through the recesses of the tragic soul; showing us, at the same time, the beauty and misfortune that lie in the depths of our being, reminding us that literary greatness lies in the ability to explore human complexity and awaken in us the search for truth and understanding of ourselves.

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“Between reflection and redemption: Unveiling the threads of the “History of the Decline of Spain.”

   In this key work for our recent history, Cánovas del Castillo, a distinguished Spanish politician and statesman, invites us to reflect on the causes and consequences that marked the destiny of Spain. With a lucid pen and his ability to capture details, he immerses us in a historical journey that spans from the dawn of our nation to the most recent times.

   "History of the Decline of Spain" is a book that immerses us in a deep and revealing analysis of the factors that contributed to the decline of our nation.

   The common thread of this story is the notion of decadence, a concept that unfolds throughout the pages, revealing the weaknesses and errors that undermined the foundations of our society. Cánovas del Castillo guides us through key episodes, from political and military challenges to the social and cultural tensions that marked the darkest periods of our history.

   In "History of the Decline of Spain," Cánovas del Castillo unravels the threads of our collective identity and shows us how vices and internal divisions undermined our greatness. However, it does not limit itself to pointing out the mistakes of the past, but also invites us to reflect on the lessons we can learn from them and how we can shape our future as a nation.

   The greatness of this work lies in its ability to take us beyond historical facts and into the psychology of a nation. Cánovas del Castillo analyzes the root causes of decline, exploring the attitudes and mentalities that led to our decline. Through his critical gaze, he makes us question our own responsibility as citizens and urges us to work for the regeneration and resurgence of Spain.

   From the pages of this book emerges a call to reflection and a warning about the dangers of complacency and division. Cánovas del Castillo challenges us to look back, to face our history with courage and to take measures to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.

   Ultimately, this work stands as a powerful and illuminating testimony of our collective history. It takes us on a fascinating journey through the ups and downs of our nation, awakening our conscience and fueling our desire to build a better future. "History of the Decline of Spain" is a literary legacy that invites us to reflect on our identity as Spaniards and to work for a prosperous, fair and united Spain.

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“The black spider”: A critical look at the Jesuits and ecclesiastical Machiavellianism.

  

   In the vast literary work of Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, we find a novel that stands out for its controversial and provocative character: "The Black Spider." This work, written with a sharp and provocative pen, openly exposes the author's anti-Jesuitism and anticlericalism, while immersing us in a world where Machiavellianism and ecclesiastical intrigue are the protagonists. Through the main characters, especially Father Claudio, Blasco Ibáñez confronts us with the shadows hidden behind ecclesiastical power and its sinister manipulations.

   In "The Black Spider", the criticism of the Jesuits is evident from the first pages. Blasco Ibáñez, with his incisive style, presents these religious men as Machiavellian and manipulative figures, whose only objective seems to be the consolidation and expansion of their power. The author exposes the methods and strategies used by the Jesuits to achieve their goals, revealing a murky and dark image of the religious order.

   One of the main protagonists of the novel, Father Claudio, embodies perfidy and duplicity in their most ruthless forms. This character is presented, under a mask of miraculous goodness, as an ambitious and unscrupulous man, willing to use any means to achieve his goals. Blasco Ibáñez immerses us in the twisted mind of Father Claudio, showing us how he manipulates the people around him and how he weaves a web of deception and machinations to ensure his influence and power within the Church and, above all, within society.

   Throughout the plot, the author confronts us with the moral and spiritual corruption that permeates the religious world represented in the novel. The Jesuits are presented as an order that moves in the shadows, using their power and influence to maneuver events to their advantage. Blasco Ibáñez openly challenges sacred figures and shows us the dark side of the clergy, denouncing the hypocrisy and abuse of power present in the ecclesiastical institution.

   "The Black Spider" stands as a literary work that reveals the critical and provocative vision of Vicente Blasco Ibáñez towards the Jesuits and ecclesiastical power. Through his sharp pen, the author questions the morality and ethics of those who, under the protection of a cassock and the most sublime principles, do not hesitate to appropriate other people's fortunes for the greater glory of God.

   In the pages of this work, the author invites us to reflect on manipulation and corruption where it is least expected, in the religious sphere, so prone to moral lessons, while showing us the darkest side of the Jesuits and their influence on society. Through the character of Father Claudio, the author immerses us in a world of intrigue and deception, confronting us with the shadows hidden behind the facade of the Church.

   Ultimately, "The Black Spider" encourages us to question power and authority in all its forms, to critically examine institutions and not blindly accept appearances. Blasco Ibáñez challenges us to explore the chiaroscuro of ecclesiastical power and to keep a vigilant eye on the manipulations and hidden interests that can undermine the fundamental principles of faith and morality.

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“The immortality of a brilliant madness. Exploring the labyrinths of “The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha”

In summary: Don Quixote transforms the parody of chivalric books into a reflection on fiction, freedom, identity and the birth of the modern novel.

The chivalric parody and the modern novel

   In a century of incomparable literary glory for the Spanish language, the immense figure of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra emerges, who gave us a masterpiece that has stood the test of time and continues to captivate entire generations. We are talking, of course, about "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha", a work that stands as an unparalleled jewel in the vast universe of universal literature.

   In this story, Cervantes transports us to 17th century Spain, where we find the ingenious knight Don Quixote, a nobleman whose mind is immersed in the madness of living as a true knight-errant. We are drowning in a world where reality and fantasy intertwine, where windmills become giants and flocks of sheep become powerful armies.

   Don Quixote, in his delirium of genius, launches into a series of extravagant adventures accompanied by his faithful squire, Sancho Panza. Together, they take us on a journey that challenges us to question our perception of reality and explore the limits of our own imagination. On each page, Cervantes plunges us into an intelligent and lucid satire, where laughter and reflection are intertwined in an unparalleled literary dance.

   Cervantes' genius lies in his ability to capture the complexity of the human condition through unforgettable characters. Don Quixote, with his excessive idealism and his nobility of spirit, becomes a symbol of struggle and determination. Sancho Panza, for his part, embodies the voice of reason and reality, serving as a counterpoint to the ingenious gentleman. Together, they form a comical and touching couple that makes us smile and makes us reflect on our own aspirations and chimeras.

   "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha" is more than a simple novel. It is a work that challenges us to face our own windmills, those obstacles that get in the way of our personal fulfillment. Through its pages, Cervantes invites us to explore the duality between reality and fantasy, duty and desire, madness and sanity. It shows us that, sometimes, it is necessary to get lost in the labyrinth of our own dreams to find ourselves.

   The greatness of this work lies in its timelessness and its ability to resonate in the hearts of readers of all times. Each page gives us a deep look at the very essence of the human condition, touching on universal themes such as love, justice, courage and the search for one's own identity.

   Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra has left us an invaluable literary treasure with "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha." It is a work that invites us to laugh, to dream and to reflect on our own existence. It is a work that shows us that dreams and madness can be as real and significant as anything else in this world.

   In short, "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha" is a literary gem that continues to fascinate and move us to this day. It is a call to embrace our own inner quixotic and to continue pursuing our ideals with passion and determination. It is a reminder that the greatness of literature lies in its ability to transcend time and speak directly to our souls.

Continue exploring the Spanish canon and its great works through the thematic pages of Alba Longa.

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“The gypsy ballad” by Federico García Lorca: A passionate song that reveals the essence of the gypsy soul.

   In the vibrant pages of "El romancero gytano", a literary work that emanates passion and authenticity, a universe unfolds where the gypsy voice resonates with strength and depth. This collection of poems, written with the skillful and accurate pen of its author, transports us to a world of flamenco rhythms and ancestral traditions, where feelings are intertwined with the nomadic spirit and the essence of the gypsy people.

   Through the author's inimitable style, we witness a passionate song that reveals the very essence of the gypsy soul. The words, written with vibrant and overflowing passion, take us on a journey through the emotional landscapes and experiences lived by gypsies. Each verse connects us with the strength and passion of a people who live outside social conventions.

   The dazzling pages of "The Gypsy Romance" reveal to us the fight for freedom and identity, love and death, as well as the deep connection with the earth and nature. The verses of this Lorca composition reveal the intensity of the emotions and desires that resonate in the gypsy heart.

   The author, with his precise and visceral calligraphy, immerses us in a world of traditions and mysteries, where the voices of the ancestors are intertwined with the present. As we advance through its scenery, we enter the labyrinth of human emotions, where the deepest feelings find their expression in Lorca's poetry.

    Through the pages of this collection of poems, we immerse ourselves in a universe where flamenco rhythms are intertwined with melancholy and rebellion, and where the gypsy voice resonates with authenticity and strength.

   In this poetic universe, the verses of "The Gypsy Romance" become witnesses of the fight for freedom and identity, giving absolute prominence to love and death. The work invites us to explore the deep connection with the earth and nature, to live each emotion intensely and to embrace our own essence.

   Ultimately, "The Gypsy Romance" reminds us that poetry transcends cultural and linguistic barriers, and that in the art of the word we find the voice of people, shared passions, and the universality of the human experience. Through Lorca's masterful style, this collection of poems endures as a poetic legacy that connects us with the deep roots of the gypsy soul and invites us to explore the beauty and intensity of life itself.

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“The House of Bernarda Alba”: An oppressive drama that reveals the secrets of the human soul.

   In the gloomy walls of "The House of Bernarda Alba", a masterpiece of dramaturgy, a world unfolds where repressed passions and hidden secrets sprout like twisted branches of a poisoned tree. This play, written with Lorca's skillful and accurate pen, transports us to a universe of oppression and darkness, where family conflicts and power dynamics are intertwined with the fragility of desires and the fight for freedom.

   Through the author's inimitable style, we witness the iron discipline imposed by Bernarda Alba on her home, an invisible prison that imprisons the dreams and desires of her daughters. The walls of the house become silent witnesses of repression and the constant struggle for authenticity and freedom of spirit.

   In this heartbreaking work, the dazzling pages of "The House of Bernarda Alba" show us the abyss between appearances and reality. The dialogues, written in dark, precise ink, reveal the tension and frustration contained in each interaction, as the protagonists struggle to break the invisible chains that imprison them.

   The author, with his hirsute and visceral handwriting, immerses us in a world of repressed passions and silenced desires. As we advance in the plot, we enter the labyrinth of the human mind, where secrets and resentments are hidden in every dark corner, like tired strokes only apparently forgotten.

   "The House of Bernarda Alba" stands as a masterpiece that reveals the complexities of the human soul, with the expert and ruthless pen of its author. Through the pages of this theatrical piece, we immerse ourselves in a microcosm where desires and passions find their expression in the midst of repression and oppression.

   In this theatrical universe, the walls of Bernarda Alba's house become silent witnesses of the characters' internal struggle, where the fire of authenticity and rebellion burns under a layer of apparent conformity. The work invites us to question social norms and power structures, to explore the fragility of desires and to reflect on the consequences of a life lived in emotional prison.

   Ultimately, "The House of Bernarda Alba" reminds us that true freedom lies in the struggle for authenticity and the expression of our deepest passions. Through the author's masterful style, this work transcends time and space, resonating with the universality of the human condition and confronting us with the inner demons that lurk behind the walls of our own lives.

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THE SECRET OF THE “HIEROS GAMOS” LOCKED IN A NOVEL THAT NO ONE READS.

     

      Some time ago I published on this blog a review of the first volume of “The Chalice and the Sword” that had the title “Suddenly That Light” in which I expressed my perplexity at certain curious aspects of this novel. Later, the second volume titled “Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death” in reference to Psalm 23 in which this verse appears: “Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, because you are with me; “Your rod and your staff give me encouragement.” In this second part, reference continues to be made to the so-called “Solomon's Table”, also known by the names of Table or Mirror of Solomon–, a legend that tells how King Solomon wrote all the knowledge of the Universe, the formula of creation and the true name of God: he Shem ha-meforash, which can never be written and must only be pronounced to provoke the act of creating, supposedly deposited in the second temple of Jerusalem, later transferred to Rome when Titus destroyed it in the year 70 and kept first in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus and then in the imperial palaces. When the goths they sacked Rome In the year 410, it was taken to Carcassonne, as part of the "Ancient Treasure", and then to Ravenna, to save her from attacks francs. In 526 the king claimed it Amalric, and Theodoric, king of the ostrogoths, he gives it back. When Alaric II had to abandon Toulouse, the capital of Visigoths, in the year 507, persecuted by the Franks, to take refuge in Spain, he took her with him. It is assumed that, after the assassination of the king in Barcelona, the Table was moved with the rest of the treasure, which was installed in Toledo (new capital), specifically in the so-called Caves of Hercules. It seems logical to assume that, faced with the possibility of it falling into the hands of the Muslim conquerors, its custodians made it undertake a journey northwards, towards Oviedo, at first, and perhaps later towards France or any other Christian kingdom, sheltered from such a threat. This theme of the Table has frequently been related to the legends of the Holy Grail and those of the Arthurian cycle, in which, as is common knowledge, the Round Table is mentioned, which may not be as it is usually imagined.

   This would apparently be the main theme of the novel since, in fact, the characters in the work, representatives of the main political factions of the time, confront each other, under the watchful eye of Charlemagne, to seize such an important object. However, behind the theme of the Table, there is hidden another no less mysterious and loaded with mystical connotations and implications: that of ““hieros gamos”, from the ancient Greek hieros, sacred, and gamos, union or sexual relationship, designating in mythology a sacred union between two divinities, or between a god and a human being. Hierogamy is situated in a symbolic, often ritual, framework that assigns sexual activity a mystical meaning, the sexual union of the two divine principles, the masculine and the feminine. Traces of such a vision are found in Celtic and Germanic mythology, as well as in Gnosticism, which attributes to the meeting of the masculine and feminine principles one of the highest purposes of the spiritual existence of the human being. In the Gospel according to Thomas, a Christian apocryphal that emerged from the Nag Hammadi library, we read (logion number 7): "Shall we go to the Kingdom? Jesus says to them: When you make the two One… in order to make the male and the female into one."

   Carl Gustav Jung, in his work "Four Archetypes", when speaking of the positive aspects of the mother complex, writes the following: "There is no consciousness without discrimination of the opposites… Nothing can exist without its opposite; the two were one in the beginning and will be one again in the end… Conflict engenders fire, the fire of the affections and emotions, which, like any other fire, has two aspects, that of combustion and that of the creation of light. On the one hand, emotion is the alchemical fire whose heat brings everything into existence and whose ardor burns the superfluous and turns it into ashes. But on the other hand, emotion is the moment when steel meets stone and the spark arises, that is why emotion is the main source of consciousness. There is no change from darkness to light, or from inertia to movement, without emotion… What seems like a meaningless convulsion becomes a process of purification… Consciousness transforms it (the woman) into liberating and redeeming.”

   Here is the true theme, secret, or rather buried by words, of the novel. All who try to pronounce the name of divinity inscribed on the Table fail and die. However, those initiated into the mystery reap the benefits, since they pronounce it for two and they are a man and a woman.

   Perhaps the mysterious author-narrator wants to suggest to us that every prayer, every magical formula, must be pronounced in this way for there to be true creation. Although, after all, it is only a novel, that is, a work of fiction, which, if spurred by curiosity you want to read, you can find it here:

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POLICE INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES

In summary: police investigation procedures provide verisimilitude to crime novels when they are integrated into the plot without turning fiction into a technical manual.

How to integrate police investigation into fiction

Police investigation procedures are a series of techniques and methods used by the police to solve crimes and clarify the truth. These procedures are essential to ensure a fair, rigorous and ethical investigation, and to ensure that the rights of suspects and victims are respected.

Police investigation procedures include a variety of tasks, such as crime scene analysis, collection of evidence and evidence, interviews and interrogations, as well as forensic and technical analysis. Additionally, police investigators often work as a team with other law enforcement officers and government agencies to share information and coordinate their investigation.

However, despite their importance, police investigation procedures frequently face challenges and controversies. For example, human rights and legality are critical aspects that must be considered in all police investigations. Police must also ensure the privacy and protection of sensitive information, especially in an era when technology and digitalization are changing the way investigations are carried out.

Diversity and inclusion are also key issues in police investigation procedures. It is important to ensure that researchers reflect the diversity of the community and work fairly and equitably with all individuals involved in the research, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, or any other identity.

Additionally, artificial intelligence and automation are changing the way police investigate crimes. While these technologies can help police conduct more efficient and accurate investigations, they also raise concerns about privacy and data protection, as well as potential discrimination and unfair use of the technology.

In conclusion, police investigation procedures are essential to ensure a fair and rigorous investigation, and to protect the rights of all those involved. As technology and society continue to evolve, it is important to continue to develop and improve police investigation procedures to ensure they remain so while adapting to progress.

The history of police investigation procedures goes back centuries, to a time when the police did not exist and crimes were investigated by the local population. Over time, countries began to create official police forces and develop more formal methods of investigating crimes.

In the 19th century in the United Kingdom, the London police became one of the first organized police forces in the world. The London police developed a number of techniques to investigate crimes, including gathering information about suspects and conducting interviews and interrogations. Over time, these methods spread to other parts of the world and became standard police investigation procedures.

In the United States, police investigation procedures evolved with the creation of the first professional police force in 1845 in New York. The NYPD developed innovative methods of investigating crimes, including the use of detectives and the creation of a file system of known criminals.

Throughout the 20th century, technology and science advanced, and police investigation procedures evolved to adapt to these changes. The introduction of photography and fingerprinting allowed police to collect evidence in a more precise and rigorous manner. The creation of criminology departments and the incorporation of forensic analysis techniques also improved the effectiveness of police investigations.

Today, police investigation procedures continue to evolve to adapt to challenges and technological advances. Police are increasingly using technology, such as artificial intelligence and automation, to improve the efficiency and accuracy of investigations.

In sum, the history of police investigation procedures is a story of evolution and adaptation to changes in technology and society. As technology and science continue to advance, it is likely that police investigation procedures will continue to evolve to keep up with changes and improve the effectiveness of investigations.

Police investigation procedures constitute a crucial part of criminal justice. They are the means by which police collect and analyze information to solve crimes and bring justice to victims. The importance of these procedures lies in the fact that they ensure a fair and rigorous investigation that helps guarantee an equitable solution for the crimes committed.

  1. Protecting the rights of suspects: Police investigation procedures protect the rights of suspects by ensuring that they are investigated fairly and equitably. This includes collecting appropriate evidence, conducting fair interviews and interrogations, and protecting against illegal detention and forced confession.
  2. Improving investigation effectiveness: Rigorous and systematic police investigation procedures allow for a more effective and accurate investigation. This helps the police to collect relevant information and analyze the evidence properly to arrive at a fair solution to the crime.
  3. Reduction of errors: By following strict research procedures, errors and unfairness in research are minimized. This reduces the risk of convicting an innocent person and helps ensure a fair solution to crimes committed.
  4. Improving confidence in criminal justice: The application of rigorous and fair investigation procedures improves society's confidence in criminal justice. This ensures that the police act responsibly and ethically in investigating crimes and protecting citizens' rights.

In conclusion, they are essential to ensure a fair and rigorous investigation, protect the rights of suspects, improve the effectiveness of the investigation, reduce errors and improve confidence in criminal justice. It is important that they are strictly followed and applied to ensure a fair solution to the crimes committed.

Here are some of the main milestones and developments in police investigation.

  1. Creation of police forces: The creation of the first organized police forces in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 19th century was one of the first milestones in police research.
  2. Development of investigative techniques: The London police and the New York police developed some of the first police investigation techniques, including gathering information about suspects and conducting interviews and interrogations. These methods became the standards for police investigation.
  3. Photography and Fingerprinting: The introduction of photography and fingerprinting in the 19th century allowed police to collect evidence in a more precise and rigorous manner. These advances were essential to improve the effectiveness of the police investigation.
  4. Forensics: The creation of criminology departments and the incorporation of forensic analysis techniques in the 20th century allowed police to collect and analyze evidence in a more effective and rigorous manner. These advances revolutionized police investigation.
  5. Technology: Technology has had a huge impact on police investigation. The use of artificial intelligence and automation in police investigation is increasingly common and allows for more efficient and precise exploration.
  6. Legal reforms: Legal reforms have also had an important impact on police investigation. Laws that protect the rights of defendants, such as exclusionary rule and the Miranda rule, have improved justice in police investigation.

Police use a variety of methods and techniques to collect and analyze information in order to reach a fair solution to the crime. Here we describe some of the most common methods and techniques used in police investigation.

  1. Interviews and interrogations: Police conduct interviews and interrogations to obtain information from witnesses, suspects and victims. These interviews can be formal or informal and must be conducted in a fair and equitable manner to protect the rights of suspects.
  2. Evidence Analysis: Police analyze a variety of evidence, including DNA evidence, fingerprints, footprints, and other types of physical evidence. These tests are analyzed in specialized laboratories to determine their relationship to the crime and help identify the suspect.
  3. Crime Reconstruction: Police can reconstruct the crime to understand how it happened and identify the suspect. This may include recreating the crime scene, inspecting evidence, and interviewing witnesses and suspects.
  4. Background Investigation: Police may conduct background investigations to obtain information about suspects and determine if they have a prior criminal record.
  5. Pattern Analysis: This involves analyzing crime patterns to identify trends and determine if crime has occurred in the past. This can help identify a suspect or prevent future crimes.
  6. Psychological interrogations: You can also carry out psychological interrogations to obtain information from suspects. These interrogations must be carried out by psychologists or experts in human behavior and must be carried out in a fair and equitable manner.

These are just some of the most common methods and techniques used in police investigation. Each investigation is, however, unique and may require the use of specific methods and techniques to reach a fair solution to the crime.

If you want to relate police procedures, evidence and narrative verisimilitude, The Architecture of Crime develops that method step by step.

Crime scene analysis is a crucial part of the police investigation. It is the process of examining, documenting and collecting evidence at the scene where a crime has occurred. This information is vital to help identify the suspect and solve the crime.

Crime scene analysis begins with identifying and marking critical areas. This includes marking physical evidence, such as weapons, fingerprints, and other crime-related items. Police may also photograph and record the scene to preserve its original appearance.

After marking critical areas, police begin collecting evidence. This includes collecting DNA samples, fingerprints, hair and other crime-related materials. They may also collect evidence from the victim's and suspect's clothing, as well as the scene itself.

Once the evidence has been collected, it is taken to the laboratory for analysis. In it, experts use a variety of techniques to analyze evidence and determine its relationship to the crime. This includes the analysis of fingerprints, DNA evidence and other crime-related materials.

Crime scene analysis is a complex process and requires a great deal of experience and knowledge. Police must follow strict procedures to ensure that information and evidence collected is accurate and reliable.

Crime scene analysis is therefore an essential part of the police investigation. It is a detailed and rigorous process that helps considerably in identifying the suspect and solving the crime.

Interviews and interrogations are also fundamental techniques used in police investigation procedures. These techniques are used to obtain information and evidence from suspects, witnesses and victims. Interviews and interrogations are an important part of the police investigation and must be carried out carefully and professionally to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the information obtained.

An interview is an informal conversation between the police and a person who may have information relevant to an investigation. Police may conduct an interview to obtain information about the crime, the suspect, or any other aspect related to the case. The interview should be a free and unforced conversation to ensure that the information is accurate and truthful.

An interrogation is a more formal and structured conversation between police and a suspect. During an interrogation, police may ask specific, detailed questions about the crime and the suspect. The objective of an interrogation is to obtain a confession or information relevant to the investigation.

It is important that the police follow proper procedures during interviews and interrogations. In particular, you must respect the rights of the person being interviewed or interrogated and ensure that the information obtained is accurate and reliable. In addition, police must ensure that any confession or information obtained during an interrogation is obtained voluntarily and is not the result of undue pressure or intimidation.

Forensic and technical analysis is an essential tool, since it provides a large amount of valuable and objective information about the facts investigated.

Forensic analysis involves the use of science and technology to collect and analyze evidence at a crime scene or in a criminal investigation. This includes collecting physical evidence, such as fingerprints, DNA, ballistics, and more, as well as investigating digital information, such as emails, computer files, and mobile device records.

Technical analysis, for its part, is a tool used to analyze information collected through technology, including monitoring phone calls, locating GPS devices, and recovering information deleted from electronic devices.

The importance of forensic and technical analysis in police investigation procedures lies in the fact that it provides an objective and reliable perspective on the facts investigated. This evidence is admissible at trial and can help establish a suspect's guilt or innocence. In addition, forensic and technical analysis can be used to solve cases that would otherwise be difficult to solve, giving investigators a complete view of the facts and helping to clarify the truth.

Thus, forensic and technical analysis constitutes a crucial part of police investigation procedures, as it provides valuable and objective information that can be used to solve cases and obtain justice for victims and their families. Technology continues to advance and it is important that researchers are trained in the use of these tools to achieve more effective and efficient investigations.

The collection of evidence and evidence is another crucial aspect of any police investigation. The importance of this phase lies in the fact that it allows establishing a solid and conclusive line of investigation, and provides valuable information for the resolution of a case.

An efficient collection of evidence and evidence increases the chances of success in a police investigation, since it allows key elements to be identified and related to the case. Additionally, this evidence can be used in the judicial process as evidence against a suspect or to refute the guilt of an accused.

It is important to highlight that the collection of evidence and evidence must be carried out carefully and following rigorous protocols, to guarantee its integrity and validity in a future judicial process. This includes detailed documentation of how and when evidence was collected, and its proper storage to preserve its integrity.

Furthermore, it is essential that the collection of evidence and evidence be carried out by a specialized team, made up of experts in investigations and evidence collection techniques. These professionals are trained to identify, collect, and analyze evidence objectively and accurately.

Teamwork and collaboration with other agencies can also be key factors. The combination of efforts and resources of different entities allows the police to more effectively and efficiently resolve cases and achieve more positive results.

Collaboration with other agencies, such as the FBI, DEA, or fire department, can provide additional information and technical resources that can be of great help. For example, the DEA may provide information on drug trafficking, while the fire department may provide information on fires or explosives.

Additionally, teamwork between different police units, such as the criminal investigation, the violent crimes unit, and the intelligence unit, can help identify patterns and relationships that may be key in an investigation. The combination of each unit's unique skills and perspectives can result in a more thorough and complete investigation.

It is important to highlight that collaboration and teamwork can prove essential in solving cases at an international level. Thus, it tends to collaborate with agencies such as Interpol, when it comes to solving cases that have ramifications that go beyond the scope of a specific nation. In this way, combining the efforts, resources, and unique skills of different entities can result in more thorough and effective investigations, and a greater likelihood of case resolution. Collaboration is especially important in international cases, where it may be necessary to combine the resources and skills of different agencies to effectively resolve a case.

On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI) and automation are revolutionizing police investigation in many aspects. From data collection and analysis to pattern identification and case resolution, these technologies are improving the efficiency and effectiveness of police investigation.

AI has the ability to analyze large amounts of data in a matter of seconds, meaning researchers can access valuable information much faster than before. For example, an AI system is able to analyze phone calls, text messages, and social media related to a case to identify important patterns and clues.

Additionally, automation is also helping investigators collect and categorize evidence more efficiently. For example, automation systems can scan images and videos from security cameras for patterns and evidence, meaning it frees investigators from certain mechanical jobs to focus on more complex tasks.

AI is also helping police solve cases more quickly. For example, facial recognition systems can compare certain available images with databases of known criminals to identify potential suspects.

However, it is important to highlight that AI and automation do not completely replace human researchers. AI can provide valuable information and clues, but human investigators are responsible for interpreting and verifying that information to ensure it is accurate and relevant.

In conclusion, AI and automation are having a significant impact on police investigation. From data collection and analysis to pattern identification and case resolution, these technologies are improving the efficiency and effectiveness of police investigation. However, it is important to remember that AI and automation are valuable tools for human researchers, but they do not completely replace them.

Police investigation is a critical process for solving crimes and delivering justice. Each case is unique and requires an individual approach, but police investigation procedures apply in a variety of situations. Here are some examples of real cases and how police investigation procedures were applied.

  1. Murder case: In this type of case, investigators collect and analyze evidence, question witnesses and suspects, and look for patterns and connections. For example, in the case of Nicole Brown Simpson's death, investigators collected forensic evidence and conducted interviews with witnesses and suspects, including her ex-husband, O.J. Simpson.
  2. Theft case: In a theft case, investigators work to recover the stolen item and identify the thief. For example, in the case of a valuable jewelry theft, investigators can trace financial transactions and examine security camera footage to identify the thief.
  3. Fraud case: In a fraud case, investigators look for evidence to support the claim of fraud and determine how the deception was carried out. For example, in an insurance fraud case, investigators may examine insurance statements and financial transactions to determine if fraudulent claims were submitted.
  4. Kidnapping case: In a kidnapping case, investigators work to locate the kidnapped person and ensure their safety. For example, in the Jaycee Dugard kidnapping case, investigators used forensic evidence and community engagement to find Dugard and arrest her kidnappers.

In each of these cases, police investigation procedures include collecting and analyzing evidence, questioning witnesses and suspects, and collaborating with other agencies and the community. The importance of a thorough and careful investigation cannot be underestimated, as it is essential to ensure that justice is served. It is therefore a collective work, but it does not yet exclude the brilliant intuition of an individual when interpreting a huge amount of data.

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THE FRENCH BLACK NOVEL

In summary: the French crime novel evolves from the reception of the American hard-boiled novel towards its own tradition, marked by polar and social criticism.

History and features of the French polar

The crime novel is a literary genre that has gained much importance in French literature in recent years. With its focus on investigation and mystery, the crime novel has captured the attention of readers and has proven to be an effective means of exploring deep and relevant themes in French society.

In addition to being entertaining, crime novels offer a cryptic vision of French society and politics, and show the complexity and ambiguity of current social and political problems, of which there are many. Black literature is, indeed, an exceptional means of examining contemporary concerns, including corruption, social justice, racism, and cultural identity.

Another important aspect of the French crime novel is its ability to combine elements of mystery and suspense with a robust narrative and complex characters. French authors are known for their ability to create intricate plots and dense, captivating characters, allowing them to explore deep themes in ways that are accessible and engaging for readers.

The noir genre has also been an important means of influencing popular culture and political thought in France. Many crime novels have been adapted into films and television series, and have contributed to the formation of public opinions and debates on important issues.

The crime novel has a long and rich history in this country that dates back to the 1920s. During this period, writers of this nationality began to experiment with the genre, creating complex plots and enigmatic characters that captured the imagination of readers.

One of the first exponents of the French crime novel was Georges Simenon, whose works, starring the famous detective Jules Maigret, established the foundations for the genre in France. Simenon was noted for his ability to create intriguing plots and dark characters, and his influence on French noir literature is undeniable.

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, French crime fiction experienced a renaissance, with writers such as Frédéric Dard and Michel Zévaco producing influential works in the genre. In particular, the work of Dard, known as the "master of the French crime novel", introduced elements of humor and satire to the genre and established a new standard in French crime literature.

Since then, crime fiction has continued to evolve and grow, with authors such as Jean-Claude Izzo, Michel Bussi and Fred Vargas producing outstanding works in the genre. Currently, the French crime novel is a highly respected and appreciated genre, with a large number of authors and works that have been translated and disseminated throughout the world.

Furthermore, the influence of the crime novel has spread in this country beyond literary borders, with many works being adapted to films, television series and theater. These adaptations have helped increase the popularity of crime fiction and have contributed to its evolution and growth.

In short, the history of the French crime novel is a story of evolution and growth, with a long list of influential authors and works that have contributed to its development and rise in popularity. From its origins to the present day, the French crime novel has been an important medium for the exploration of relevant themes in society and has captured the imagination of readers around the world. Its long and rich history has been shaped by many of the greatest writers of literature in this language, who have left a lasting legacy and established the foundations for the genre in France. Below are some of the most important and influential authors.

Georges Simenon is, as has already been noted, one of the first and most important exponents. Known for his detective character Jules Maigret, Simenon occupies a place of honor among the greatest crime novel writers of all time. His unique style and his ability to create convoluted plots and complex characters have made him a key figure in the history of crime fiction in France, setting the tone for its evolution.

Frédéric Dard is another classic author of the genre at hand. Known as the "master of the French crime novel", Dard stood out for his ability to introduce elements of humor and satire into the genre, combined with a particular skill for etchings, thereby managing to establish a new standard in French crime literature, an unmistakable patent. His works, starring the detective San Antonio, have been translated and appreciated throughout the world.

Michel Zévaco is a classic French crime novel writer who had a great influence on the genre during the 1950s and 1960s. Known equally for his elaborate plots and complex characters, with which he is part of the most marked national trend, Zévaco has earned the respect and admiration of readers and critics. His work has been equally translated and appreciated throughout the world.

These are the classic crime novel authors who have left a lasting legacy and established the foundations for the genre in France. With their mysterious plots, enigmatic, complex characters, and unique styles, impregnated with a strong invoice of technique and experimentation, these authors have subjugated the imagination of readers and have constituted an important means for the exploration of relevant topics in society.

From polar to contemporary investigation, these forms transform the relationship between crime and society. The architecture of crime offers a framework for analyzing them.

The crime novel has undergone a significant evolution in the current French literary scene. Although it still maintains some of the classic elements of the genre, contemporary writers have introduced new perspectives and approaches that have transformed the genre and taken it to new levels of complexity and social relevance.

One of the biggest changes in French crime fiction is the inclusion of diverse perspectives and voices. Nowadays, it is more common to see writers who address social and political issues, including aspects such as social justice, equality and immigration; which, treated with the instrument of the crime novel, reveal themselves to be much more percussive and compelling than through other media, often more domesticated and abstract.

Furthermore, technological evolution has had a significant impact on this genre as well as many others. Contemporary writers are happy to experiment with new ways of telling stories and use information technologies to create unique and enriching reading experiences. From the incorporation of game elements and interactivity to the use of transmedia narratives, technology is allowing writers to explore new ways to narrate in innovative ways.

The narrative technique is also a fundamental aspect of the French crime novel and has been an integral part of the genre since its origins. French authors have used a wide variety of narrative techniques in order to magnify the effect of those particularly elaborate plots, complex characters and tense atmospheres, which constitute their trademark.

One of the most common narrative techniques is the use of multiple narrators. This approach allows authors to explore different perspectives and points of view, which can add depth and complexity to the plot and characters. Additionally, the use of multiple narrators can also create tension and surprise, as readers may form different opinions about the characters and plot.

Another important narrative technique is the use of flashbacks and flash-forwards. Gallic authors often use this technique to provide information about characters' pasts and how they influence their present. Flashbacks can also create tension and suspense by showing critical events that can have a significant impact on the plot.

The use of an omniscient narrator is also a common narrative technique. This approach allows authors to tell the story from a global perspective and provide a complete overview of the characters and plot. However, using an omniscient narrator can also create distance between characters and readers, which can affect emotion and immersion in the plot fabric.

Narrative technique is, therefore, a crucial aspect of the French crime novel and has been a key factor in the evolution and success of this literary genre. Today, technique continues to be an important aspect of French crime fiction and it is hoped that authors will continue to explore and use different narrative approaches in the future, as they are generally given to formal innovation.

Black authors have also created in this literary tradition a wide range of memorable and complex characters that are characteristic of the genre. One of the most common in crime novels of any nationality is, of course, the private detective or the police inspector. Such individuals often manifest a strong personality and usually have a dark past or a troubled personal life which makes them even more interesting.

The murderer or criminal also plays a key role in French crime fiction. These characters are often portrayed as intelligent and cunning, which often makes them the main obstacle for the detective or police inspector. They are also frequently carriers of complex motivations and traumatic pasts that explain their behavior.

Another important character in this type of crime novel is that of the victim or witness. These characters often possess crucial information about the crime and can be revealed as the key to solving the mystery. However, they can also be in danger and be a target for the murderer or criminal.

In addition to the main characters, authors also like to introduce a wide range of supporting characters, such as friends, family, co-workers, and more. These can sometimes be just as important to the plot and the narrative often delves into his complex personal life, which eventually hides dark secrets.

In conclusion, crime fiction has been a popular and enduring genre in France and around the world for many years. Although it has evolved over time, its success and relevance have remained constant. So what can we expect from the future of French crime fiction?

Firstly, it is likely that the crime novel will continue to evolve in this country and adapt to new times and changes in society. The authors are likely to continue exploring new plots and relevant themes, such as technology, cybersecurity, and globalization.

Furthermore, it is possible that French crime fiction will continue to explore new formats and platforms. With the rise in popularity of electronic literature and podcasts, French authors may use these mediums to reach a broader audience and diversify their reach.

Another important aspect to take into account is the impact of diversity and inclusion in literature in general and in French crime fiction in particular. Given the multiplicity of ethnic origins that constitute the social fabric of this country, it is more than likely that its authors continue to address issues such as racial, gender and cultural diversity, and that they create characters representative of all this great variety of groups in their plots.

In short, also in this country, and in this language, because France is much more than metropolitan France and the French-speaking world includes multiple nationalities as a consequence of its colonial past, the crime novel is in great health and its future is promising and full of opportunities. As society and technology continue to evolve, French crime fiction is likely to continue to evolve and maintain its relevance and popularity. With the exploration of new themes and formats, as well as the inclusion of more diversity and representation, the future of French crime fiction looks bright.

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THE AMERICAN BLACK NOVEL

In summary: the North American crime novel is born from hard-boiled and turns the city, corruption and the vulnerable detective into central elements.

Hard-boiled and North American tradition

The crime novel is a literary genre that has had a great impact on North American literature. It is characterized by its focus on crime, investigation and justice, and has been a source of inspiration for writers of that nationality for more than a century.

Crime fiction originated in the United States in the 1920s with the publication of Dashiell Hammett's "The Maltese Falcon." This book established the foundation of the genre by introducing private detective Sam Spade as the crime-fighting hero in the city of San Francisco. As the genre evolved, new subgenres developed, such as the psychological crime novel and the urban crime novel.

The crime novel has been important in North American literature for several reasons. First, it has provided a critical view of American society, showing the dark and unknown aspects of life in cities. Secondly, it has provided a form of escapism for readers, allowing them to immerse themselves in a world full of intrigue and suspense. Thirdly, it has inspired many young writers to move forward with their own literary careers.

Crime fiction has also had a significant impact on film and television, with many films and television shows based on books in this genre. Additionally, many of the most famous crime writers, such as Raymond Chandler, Dashiell Hammett, and Ross McDonald, have been adapted for the big and small screen.

In the 1930s, crime fiction experienced a huge surge in popularity with the publication of books such as Dashiell Hammett's "The Thin Man" and Raymond Chandler's "The Big Sleep." These books presented private detectives as sophisticated heroes who fought crime in American cities.

In the 1940s and 1950s, crime fiction continued to evolve with the introduction of new subgenres, such as the hard-boiled crime novel and the procedural crime novel. These subgenres presented detectives as tough, cynical heroes who used unorthodox methods to solve crimes.

To study how hard-boiled distributes information, tension, and point of view, continue with The Architecture of Crime.

In the 1960s, crime fiction underwent a significant change with the introduction of the protest crime novel. These books presented detectives as heroes who fought against injustice in American society. Furthermore, during this period, African American writers such as Chester Himes and Walter Mosley stood out, providing a different perspective and more diverse representation in the genre.

In the 1970s, crime fiction underwent a shift toward a more realistic and less melodramatic approach. In this decade, writers such as Michael Connelly, George Pelecanos, and Dennis Lehane stood out, bringing a new perspective to the genre and continuing to develop its subgenres.

To this day, crime fiction remains a popular and constantly evolving genre.

The North American crime novel has been influenced by a series of classic writers who have established the foundations of the genre and have left their mark on literature. Below is a list of some of the most notable classic authors of North American crime fiction and a brief description of their work.

  1. Dashiell Hammett: Considered the father of modern crime fiction, Hammett is known for his series of books starring private detective Sam Spade, including "The Maltese Falcon" (1930) and "The Thin Man" (1934). His stories are famous for their realism and focus on investigation and justice.
  2. Raymond Chandler: Another big name in American crime fiction, Chandler is known for his series of books starring private detective Philip Marlowe, including "The Big Sleep" (1939) and "Farewell, My Lovely" (1940). His stories are famous for their markedly literary style and their focus on the urban environment.
  3. James M. Cain: Author of "The Postman Always Rings Twice" (1934), "Double Indemnity" (1936) and "Mildred Pierce" (1941), Cain is known for his skeptical style and passionate approach to crime. His stories are famous for their realism and their focus on the dark side of humanity.
  4. Ross Macdonald: Author of the series of books starring private detective Lew Archer, including "The Moving Target" (1949) and "The Drowning Pool" (1950), Macdonald is known for his focus on psychology and research. His stories are famous for their realism and their analysis of the dark side of American society.
  5. Chester Himes: Author of "For Love of Imabelle" (1957) and "Cotton Comes to Harlem" (1965), Himes is known for his orientation toward the African-American experience in the United States and his depiction of African-American characters in crime fiction. His stories are famous for their realism and emphasis on social justice.

These authors are just some of the most prominent in North American crime fiction, and their works continue to be read and studied today. They have established the foundations of the genre and have left a lasting mark on literature.

The American crime novel remains a popular and relevant genre today. Despite having emerged in the early 20th century, it still attracts a large number of readers and writers, and is considered one of the most important forms of contemporary literature.

One of the main reasons why American crime fiction remains popular is because of its ability to adapt to social and cultural changes. Contemporary crime writers address current issues such as technology, immigration, racism, and feminism, and offer a unique and insightful perspective on these topics.

In addition, the contemporary crime novel has also expanded beyond the traditional genre, incorporating elements from other genres such as suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. This has led to a greater variety of stories and characters, and has appealed to a wider audience.

Some of the most notable contemporary crime writers include Tana French, Karin Slaughter, Michael Connelly, Gillian Flynn, and Paula Hawkins. These authors have won several awards and have been international bestsellers, and their works have been translated into several languages.

The crime novel has also found a large audience in television and film formats, many series and films based on crime novel books have garnered many hits in recent times, such as "Mindhunter", "The Killing" and "The Wire", and have helped to make the genre known to an even wider audience.

Contemporary writers are thus adapting the genre to social and cultural changes, offering a unique and insightful perspective on contemporary issues, and this has helped maintain interest in the genre.

As for the workmanship, the North American crime novel is known for its unique narrative style, which is characterized by a combination of suspense, tension and a strong atmosphere of mystery. These narrative techniques help capture the reader and maintain their interest in the story until the final outcome.

One of the most common narrative techniques in North American crime fiction is the use of the omniscient narrator. This type of narrator is able to know the thoughts and feelings of all the characters and can therefore provide a complete overview of the story. This helps create a sense of mystery and suspense, as the reader knows more than the characters and can anticipate future events.

Another common narrative technique in North American crime fiction is the use of flashbacks. Flashbacks are scenes that take place at a time before the main story and can provide crucial information about plot and character development. These flashbacks are used to provide context and to help the reader better understand the story.

The crime novel also uses a narrative technique known as "non-linearity", in which the story is not told in chronological order, but rather jumps from one moment to the next, providing clues and details that help the reader build the puzzle of the detective case in question.

Another important narrative technique in North American crime fiction is the use of precise and detailed language. Crime writers use this type of language to create a sense of realism and to help the reader immerse themselves in the story. Additionally, the meticulous language helps create an atmosphere of mystery and tension, and increases the sense of suspense.

The characters in North American crime novels are an essential element to create an exciting and attractive story. These characters are often complex and nuanced, and play an important role in creating the tension and suspense that characterize this literary genre.

The main character in crime novels is usually the detective or investigator. This character is in charge of solving the crime or mystery at the center of the story. The detective is often a lonely character, with a complicated past and a difficult personality. He is an intelligent, cunning guy with a great sense of justice, but he can also be cynical, distrustful and sometimes even violent.

The suspect or the murderer is another key character in the crime novel. He is responsible for the crime or mystery, and his role is to keep the reader addicted to the story while his true identity is revealed. The suspect or killer can be anyone, from a neighbor to a close friend, and often has a complex and twisted personality.

Secondary characters are also essential in crime novels. These characters can be victims, witnesses, family members or friends of the detective, and they can provide crucial information about the crime or mystery, they can play an important role in the plot and help develop the story.

Furthermore, in North American crime novels, female characters are increasingly common and diverse, since stereotypes are being broken and strong, independent women are being shown capable of making important decisions.

We are talking about a literary genre with a long history and a great legacy, and its future seems promising. In recent years it has seen a resurgence in popularity, and this trend is expected to continue.

One of the reasons for the resurgence of crime fiction is the increase in interest in crime and mystery stories. Crime TV shows and movies have been very popular in recent years, and this has led to an increase in demand for crime novels. Additionally, crime writers are beginning to explore new themes, such as immigration, racism and corruption, attracting an increasingly diverse audience.

Another trend in the future of the North American crime novel is the incorporation of elements from other literary genres. Writers are combining elements of science fiction, fantasy and horror with traditional crime fiction, creating unique and intriguing stories.

There is also a growing diversity in crime novel writers. Writers of color, women, and LGBT+ writers are increasingly gaining ground in the world of crime fiction and are bringing a fresh and diverse perspective to the genre.

In terms of emerging technologies, crime novels are taking advantage of the benefits of technology to expand the reach of their audience and improve the reading experience. The increased availability of e-books and the popularity of reading apps are allowing writers to reach a wider audience and readers to access a greater variety of titles.

In short, the future of American crime fiction seems promising. With an increase in the popularity of the genre, greater diversity in writers and an incorporation of elements from other literary genres, as well as the use of technology to enhance the reader's experience, crime fiction will continue to be an engaging, vigorous and exciting form of storytelling.

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BLACK NOVEL, DEFINITION

In summary: the crime novel is a criminal narrative focused not only on the resolution of a crime, but also on the violence, corruption, power and social conflicts that surround it.

Definition and features of the crime novel

The crime novel is a literary genre that is characterized by its dark content and criminal plots. It often focuses on themes such as murder, corruption and revenge, and often has a tense and gloomy atmosphere.

One of the most distinctive characteristics of the crime novel is its protagonist, the detective or private investigator, who is often a cynical character burdened with personal problems, but at the same time is an intelligent and insightful person, capable of solving the most complex crimes.

Another important peculiarity is the setting, which is usually urban and takes place in a hostile and dangerous environment, where violence and crime are constant. The crime novel is usually a reflection of the society in which it is written, and therefore, it usually includes social and political themes.

As for language, the crime novel is characterized by its direct and concise style, which seeks to keep the reader tense and excited until the end.

In summary, the crime novel is a literary genre that is characterized by its criminal plots, its detective protagonist, its urban and hostile setting, and its direct and concise style. It is a genre that has had a great impact on literature and popular culture.

To delve deeper into how the genre organizes crime, clues, and knowledge, continue with The Architecture of Crime.

It has its roots in popular literature of the 19th century, with writers such as Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle. However, it was in the 1920s that the genre began to develop independently, with the emergence of authors such as Dashiell Hammett and Raymond Chandler.

In the 1930s and 1940s, crime fiction became a mass phenomenon, and in the 1950s and 1960s, it spread to Europe, with the emergence of writers such as Georges Simenon and Agatha Christie.

In the decades since, the genre has evolved and diversified, including subgenres such as the historical crime novel, the psychological thriller crime novel, and the procedural crime novel.

In short, the crime novel must have the following characteristics:

  • Dark and suspenseful atmosphere: The crime novel is characterized by a dark and mysterious atmosphere that creates a feeling of suspense and tension in the reader.
  • Complex characters: The characters in a crime novel tend to be complex and have hidden motivations. The main character is often a detective or investigator trying to solve the crime.
  • Detailed descriptions: Crime fiction is a very descriptive genre, so it is important to include detailed descriptions of the characters, places, and events.
  • Unexpected ending: One of the key elements of crime novels is the unexpected twist in the plot, which can radically change the direction of the story.
  • Language and style: The language and style of crime fiction is usually precise, with great attention to detail.
  • Social or political context: Many crime novels are set in a specific social or political context, such as rising crime in a city or corruption in an institution.
  • Moral and ethical themes: Crime novels are characterized by dealing with complex moral and ethical themes, such as justice, guilt and morality.
  • Establish an intriguing plot: An intriguing plot is essential to keep the reader interested in the story. There must be a mystery or crime that the main character must solve.
  • Satisfactory conclusion: It is important that the story has a satisfactory conclusion, where the mystery is solved or the criminal is caught.

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ENGLISH BLACK NOVEL

In short: the English crime novel combines the tradition of the enigma with darker forms of investigation, social criticism and criminal violence.

From the enigma novel to the British noir

Crime fiction, also known as "detective fiction", has been a popular literary genre in England since the 1890s. With roots in the Sherlock Holmes stories of Arthur Conan Doyle and the novels of Agatha Christie, English crime fiction has developed into a variety of subgenres and has given rise to some of the most iconic writers in English literature.

One of the main reasons why crime fiction is so valued in English literature is because of its ability to reflect the society in which it is written. Many of the classic crime novels of the 1920s and 1930s, for example, reflected the British upper class and the social tensions of the time. Today, contemporary crime novels often address topics such as immigration, economic inequality, and urban violence.

In addition to reflecting society, crime fiction has also been valued for its ability to offer a form of escapism. Readers are immersed in a world of intrigue and mystery, allowing them to escape reality for a time. However, crime fiction is also characterized by its ability to raise ethical and moral questions that can lead readers to reflect on their own lives and the world in which they live.

Another reason why crime fiction is so valuable in English literature is because of the variety of subgenres that exist within it. From traditional murder stories to psychological thrillers and investigative novels, there is a wide variety of styles and themes for readers of all tastes.

The crime novel is thus a valuable literary genre in English literature due to its ability to reflect society, offer a form of escapism, and offer a variety of subgenres. Through their complex characters, intriguing plots, and ethical reflections, crime novels have captured the imagination of readers around the world for more than a century.

English crime fiction, also known as "detective fiction," has its roots in the 1890s with the publication of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. These stories featured the famous private detective Sherlock Holmes and his assistant, Dr. John Watson, solving criminal mysteries in the city of London. As Holmes stories became increasingly popular, other writers began creating their own detective characters and criminal plots.

One of the first English crime novel writers was Agatha Christie. His most famous character, the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, first appeared in 1920 in the novel "The Mysterious Affair at Styles." Christie also created the detective Miss Marple, who first appeared in the 1930 novel "The Murder at the Vicarage." Other writers of the era, such as Dorothy L. Sayers and Ngaio Marsh, also created female detective characters and intriguing criminal plots.

The 1920s and 1930s are known as the "golden age" of English crime fiction. During this time, stories of private detectives and murders became a popular form of entertainment in England and elsewhere around the world. However, with the beginning of World War II, the crime novel genre began to change. Writers began to include darker, less romanticized themes in their plots, reflecting changes in society and the world at large.

In the 1950s and 1960s, English crime fiction continued to evolve with the creation of subgenres such as the "psychological thriller" and the "police procedural." Writers like Patricia Highsmith and Ruth Rendell introduced more complex characters and darker plots into their novels, and we began to see greater representation of female characters and minority characters in the genre.

Today, English crime fiction continues to evolve with contemporary authors such as Ian Rankin, Val McDermid and Martina Cole. These writers address contemporary issues such as immigration, economic inequality, and urban violence in their plots, and use modern narrative techniques to tell their stories. Despite changes in the genre over the years, the English crime novel remains a popular and valued form of entertainment and reflection.

The English tradition allows us to clearly observe the construction of the enigma. The architecture of crime expands this analysis from narratology.

The English novel has undergone a great evolution in recent years. Contemporary literature in England has seen a diversification in terms of themes, genres and writing styles, which has led to greater representation of diverse voices and perspectives in literature.

First, there has been an increase in the representation of minority authors and characters in contemporary English literature. Writers of colour, LGBTQ+ writers and women writers have managed to gain a place in the English literary landscape, leading to greater diversity in the themes and perspectives presented in novels.

Furthermore, social and political themes have gained great importance in contemporary English literature. Writers have drawn inspiration from topics such as immigration, economic inequality, climate change, and feminism to create complex and challenging plots and characters.

Narrative has also undergone a significant change in contemporary English literature. Writers are experimenting with non-linear narrative styles, multiple narrative structures, and innovative writing techniques to tell their stories more effectively.

In terms of genres, there has been a fusion between traditional genres such as historical novels, adventure novels and science fiction, which has led to greater variety in themes and writing styles.

In short, contemporary English literature has undergone a great evolution in recent years. Diversification in themes, genres, and writing styles has led to greater representation of diverse voices and perspectives in literature, and has allowed writers to address social and political issues in more meaningful and challenging ways.

British crime fiction has used a variety of narrative techniques throughout its history. These techniques have helped writers create intriguing plots and complex characters, and have helped make crime fiction a popular and enduring genre.

One of the most common narrative techniques in English crime novels is the first-person narrator. This technique allows the reader to enter the mind of the main character and experience the character's emotions and thoughts intimately. This is especially effective in investigative novels, where the narrator is often the detective or the character who is trying to solve the crime.

The crime novel has also frequently used the technique of the omniscient narrator. This narrator knows everything that happens in the story, and can enter the thoughts and feelings of all the characters. This technique allows the writer to reveal important information about the plot and characters effectively.

The flashback technique has also been used in English crime novels. Hindsight allows the writer to tell a story from the end to the beginning, which helps create a sense of tension and suspense. The flashback also allows the writer to reveal important information about the plot and characters gradually, increasing the reader's intrigue and interest.

The flashback technique is also common in English crime novels. It is a narrative device that allows the writer to show past scenes or events that are relevant to the plot or to the development of the characters. This helps give broader context to the story and characters, and increases the reader's understanding of what is happening in the plot.

In this way, the English crime novel has used a variety of narrative techniques throughout its history. The first-person narrator, omniscient narrator, flashback, and flashback are just a few of the techniques writers have used to create intriguing plots and complex characters.

The English crime novel has given life to a wide variety of characters, from private detectives to serial killers, through more complex characters such as police detectives.

One of the most iconic characters in English crime novels is the private detective. This character, who is usually the narrator of the story, is in charge of investigating the crime and solving the mystery. These detectives are usually characterized by their intelligence, cunning and dedication to their work. Iconic examples of private detectives in English crime fiction are Sherlock Holmes, Hercule Poirot, and Philip Marlowe.

Another common character in English crime novels is the serial killer. This character is responsible for a series of murders and is usually presented as an enigmatic and terrifying figure. The serial killer is often portrayed as a cold and calculating character, capable of committing horrible crimes with an apparent lack of remorse.

The crime novel has also given life to more gregarious characters, with a professional dimension, that is, with a mastery of the trade, such as police detectives. These characters are usually members of an investigation team and have to work together to solve the crime. These characters tend to have distinct personalities and often have internal conflicts that make them more interesting and complex.

In addition to the main characters, English crime fiction has also featured a variety of secondary characters who are central to the plot. These characters include victims, suspects, and witnesses, each with their own story and personality. Writers use these secondary characters to give context to the story and increase intrigue and suspense.

According to this, the characters of the English crime novel are fundamental for the development of the plot and have helped make the crime novel a genre popular with the reading public.

The English crime novel is also a genre that has evolved over time and has seen a great increase in popularity in recent decades. As society changes, it is important to consider how gender will develop in the future.

Firstly, we are likely to see an increase in the diversity of authors and characters in English crime fiction. In the past, the genre has been dominated by white authors and male characters, but there are more and more authors and characters of different ethnic backgrounds, genders, and sexual orientations on the market. This will increase representation and allow a broader audience to see themselves reflected in the stories.

Furthermore, we are likely to see an increase in the inclusion of social and political themes in English crime fiction. Writers are increasingly taking contemporary issues into account in their works, from climate change to economic inequality. These topics have been included for a more reflective and critical purpose, allowing readers to speculate on current problems.

Technology will also play an important role in the future of English crime fiction. The popularity of e-books and audiobooks is on the rise, allowing readers to access stories in a more convenient way. Additionally, artificial intelligence and virtual reality are being used to create unique and interactive reading experiences.

In terms of narrative techniques, we are likely to see more experimentation in English crime fiction. Writers are exploring new ways of telling stories and breaking traditional genre norms. This allows writers to create more innovative and exciting stories.

In summary, the future of the English crime novel looks promising. With greater diversity of authors and characters, greater inclusion of social and political themes, and greater experimentation with narrative techniques, the genre is expected to continue to be popular and relevant. Additionally, technology will play an increasingly important role in the way we access stories, allowing readers to experiment with new ways of reading.

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FIRST CHAPTER OF “MASKS ALWAYS SPEAK WITH AN ENGLISH ACCENT.” (AN IMAGE OF FRANCE RIGHT NOW).

I

   Second year of Macron's reign. As we had predicted in the previous book, France is under the sign of chaos and desolation. For the twentieth consecutive Saturday, the streets of Paris and the nation's main cities are the scene of a violent and uncompromising confrontation between a people and a police force that has placed itself unconditionally at the command of an elite; which, through an undemocratic and corrupting procedure of a political system, already defective in itself, has illegitimately taken over all the organs of power and is not willing to give one bit in the face of the massive protests of an entire social body, whose standard of living has been dangerously degraded by the different previous governments, in which it already dominated, although not with the arrogance, with the arrogance, with the absolute and seamless contempt that now, completely uninhibited of everything humanitarian sentiment, manifested in relation to those who have no choice but to live from salaried work.

   The trust of a people in their institutions has been irretrievably broken and, in the best of cases, it will take decades, perhaps generations, to be recomposed. The reality that, just a few months ago, the masses did not see, or did not want to see, currently appears with contours so clear and so dazzling that they hurt the eye of the beholder and only with an excessive, excessive dose of hypocrisy and shamelessness, the media, also under the rule of said elite that finances and owns them, believe they can alleviate the effects of such percussive, powerful, revelation; But with this they only manage to lengthen and deepen the gap that separates the bulk of the popular masses from the official sources of information, from every type of discourse that emanates from the established power, except that which is propagated, more or less freely, by the new instruments of communication, through the Internet and the latest technology. For this reason, many journalists are violently expelled from demonstrations.

   Every Saturday, the heart of the great French metropolises, including Paris, is enveloped in the veil of tear gas, smoke from burning cars and buildings; They resonate with the explosion of scattering grenades, LBD shots, proclamations, slogans, insults, challenges, provocations; It is adorned with the varied colors of the most diverse and opposing flags, of the scribbled banners and of the rapeseed yellow that, once, those same elites had the misfortune to impose, according to the cunning patent of marque consisting of making an exhaustive catalog of good intentions, in order to exploit them industrially and make a lucrative and exclusive business with them. Nowadays, everyone has one of those yellow vests, out of obligation, “per opus”, out of necessity. And they paint the cities with an acidic spring, lemon color or rapeseed yellow.

   The riot police have been ordered to aim at the faces of the protesters, with the obvious objective of sowing terror, of ending the protests using the weapon of fear and horror. There are already twenty one-eyed people, due to those rubber bullets, several feet and hands torn off, due to the explosion of the tear gas grenades. And the police commanders will carry before history the immeasurable responsibility of having followed such orders coming from a small ruling minority that, to save their privileges, does not hesitate to disgrace the Nation before the world, to mutilate, to beat, to humiliate the very citizens they have the obligation to protect and govern. Countless graphic testimonies show police officers pointing, without any need, upwards, towards the faces of those who are there, on the street that belongs to everyone, to defend the bread and future of their children.

   Behind the riot police the hordes of the BAC are concentrated, ready for the surprise raid, for the dazzling onslaught that strikes with batons, with hands, that pushes and knocks down with their bodies armored by all types of protection, that chooses a victim, be it male, female or adolescent, to throw her to the ground in any way, with a pull, with a trip, by the hair if it is a woman and offers better prey there, and immediately afterwards They drag her along the ground, they cover her, they hide her from the eyes and objectives of curious people, they hit her head against the ground, they hold her with their knee, with all the weight of their bodies, in plural. Finally, they surround the groups of protesters, surround them and throw tear gas grenades in their midst.

   But today, a dictatorship cannot last long, even if it is dressed in the solemn garb of a pseudo-democracy, of a crude substitute for democracy, even if it is equipped with a formidable and all-powerful propaganda apparatus, because there is the Internet and mobile phones that film and broadcast, on the spot, the scenes they capture to the city and the world.

   The oligarchy, which had believed in the end of history, which is why it progressively let a part of the mask fall, the occasional pious veil that hid its moral ugliness, now sees itself threatened in its heart, in its marrow, in the entire temple where the god of falsehood, propaganda, empty myth and selfishness is worshiped, so that, in the face of the emergency, it does not mind dropping the rest of the mask and making open and open use of violence while maintaining control of force.

   However, the blame for all that contempt, for all that superlative disorder, cannot be held by a single man. Although this man, Macron, has contributed, with fearsome effectiveness, through absolutely delirious discursive formulas, formidable in their irresponsibility, through a gratuitously provocative attitude whose excessive arrogance can only be compared, according to a British newspaper, with his incompetence, to pour, not oil on the fire, to use a French expression, but gasoline, kerosene, on an entire society in flames, on a nation that burns from the bottom sides, on a people inflamed by a highly combustible reason, precisely because of its high degree of truth and justice in its demands.

   No, a single man is not enough to generate such a dimension in chaos, in generalized exasperation, in the confrontation of all bodies and layers of society and even its institutions. It was also necessary that he be surrounded, as a great Latin writer would say, by the most spectacular group of mampolones imaginable. Never in the life of the world has such a herd of incompetents completely monopolized all positions of responsibility in one of the great nations on the planet. It would seem that, due to the absence of a true political party behind this government, the absolute totality of the high functions of the State, including the ministries, has been assigned to the schoolchildren who, during the last presidential elections, knocked on the doors of homes to do electoral propaganda for their candidate. Of that candidate who refused to participate in the primaries of a party in which he had never been a member and in which he had never believed, but which was useful for growth and also for entanglement. That whole bunch of beardless people, novices in politics, brats spoiled by a privileged cradle, found themselves, overnight, without eating it or drinking it, ministers with this or that portfolio, undersecretaries of this or that, advisors of the other. And together they have created, in a matter of a few months, the greatest crisis that has erupted in the Western world after the Second World War.

   The worst of all is that they are in the front row to solve what a man with the guts of a De Gaulle or a Mitterrand might not have been enough.

   When this is over, how can we not ask for responsibility, not only from this group of schoolchildren, but from the high levels of finance and the media that made it possible, by dint of millions and propaganda, for this to happen?

   At the same time, in the European Union, the adverse winds have never blown with such fury and the elections scheduled for May 26 threaten to unleash an unprecedented storm. The British have not been able to leave yet. They find themselves with one foot in and one foot out, in an uncomfortable temporary situation that generates a frustration whose contour goes beyond that of the islands and spreads to the continent. However, it would be worse if they eventually managed to leave and absolutely nothing happened. However, the real stab in the back, the authentic disintegrating catastrophe, would be the fact that, not only did nothing happen, but, on the contrary, things went well for them. And let's not say if it was better for them.

   The countries of Eastern Europe no longer tolerate wild immigration. The middle classes of the South are tired of paying taxes, of not seeing the benefits of them and of becoming visibly impoverished. Only Germany, Holland, Denmark and the countries that have become tax havens are doing well. But a man is a vote and the melopies, litanies and other politically correct chants are not as effective as they were in the past, before the 2018 Revolution.

The situation is serious.

 

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MASKS ALWAYS SPEAK WITH AN ENGLISH ACCENT

PRESENTATION

   Clara Bardés, granddaughter of a famous deceased painter, has been hired to restore a series of paintings, some of them dating from the Middle Ages, that are kept in the Notre-Dame cathedral in Paris. During a visit that he makes alone to the upper part of the building, when the tourists have already left, he notices there the deformed silhouette of Ergaster, a perverse torturer whom he believed to be dead and of whom he could have been another victim, along with Professor Alba Longa, had it not been for the fact that, at the last moment, Commissioner Tynianov intervened. The cathedral closed behind her and the criminal, who apparently had not seen her, remained inside. Already in her apartment, terrified, she called Alba Longa and he contacted Tynianov. Between the three of them, pulling the thread of the presence in the cathedral of this murderer, a specialist in the so-called “death of a thousand cuts,” they discover a terrible conspiracy, whose dire consequences are foreseen for the coming days.

FRAGMENT

   The Great Batracio had begun to understand what stuff the guest he had housed under his own roof was made of. Full of anger, he had picked up the phone to inform Bemoz of the extreme disappointment that such events had caused him. They both knew that their phones were not tapped. And if by chance they were, that did not change the situation in any way. So they could talk to each other with complete frankness and even tell each other, if they considered it appropriate.

   Bemoz replied that what had happened was not part of their plans and that, in fact, Agni had gotten a little out of hand, he had given in to his impulses despite his repeated oaths that he would not do so. However, the situation was now under control. He had personally remedied it in such a way that he was fully convinced that such behavior would not be repeated even once. In that aspect he could sleep on both his ears.

   On the other hand, it was not advisable to stop the project, so beneficial for both parties, due to a matter of detail. Above all, taking into account the advanced state in which it was found. Specifically in its final phase. Especially when the said question of detail no longer has a solution. The only thing that could be done was to stop it and that was done.

   -Don't you believe?

   Monsignor Batracio could not help but admit that this was so.

   "So go ahead with the lanterns," Bemoz asked.

   "Go ahead," the prelate confirmed and hung up the phone. –

   However, his irritation did not diminish. What kind of henchmen do these people employ? His Leviathan wields the club, the dagger and the poison better than anyone else, but never gratuitously. For him to move his little finger, there has to be a reason and it must be weighed with a precision scale. Apart from that he only acts by obeying orders. And never, as far as I know, moved by revenge or spurred by provocation. He is as professional as a pine tree. Despite its herculean, telluric strength I would say, I doubt it is a warm-blooded animal. The fluid running through his veins must be colder than that of an alligator.

   For once a joint operation is carried out, catastrophe has been bordered on. Fortunately, de Velasco was there to stop the blow. If the only thing we have to regret is Fabrice's death, we can still raise the finger.

   After all, the loss has not been very great. He was not a bad person, but it must be recognized that he was also blessed. For the same price and some boots, we will have another one. You don't have to be a genius to perform that job. Of course, it needs to be discreet. It doesn't matter, the new candidate is tested for three months and that's it. Here peace and there glory.

   What matters is that the cause of the Church advances. And why not say it? The cause of those who serve it with devotion and good sense. Needless to say, he was the ideal example of such a race of men, without going any further.

   For now he will have to think about choosing a cardinal, among the cardinals addicted to the cause, and quite advanced in years, to sit on Peter's throne for a not very long time, only until this priest, he said to himself in all honesty, is in a position to put his own hands on him, which, once this kind of coup d'état that he plans is completed, will not take long to happen. The architect of such a change of direction, who will return power to his supporters, the true men of the Church, will not find it difficult to obtain, in a first moment, the cardinal's purple and, in a second move, the papal tiara. With Leviathan and the organization he leads at my side, it will be a piece of cake. There will, of course, be collateral victims, it is inevitable, but Paris is well worth a mass. Anyway, Rome. Although it is black, the Batracio laughed heartily.

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REVIEW OF “THE CHALICE AND THE SWORD” “SUDDENLY THAT LIGHT.”

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   The publication date of this novel on Amazon is February 26, 2020 and in e-Book it was immediately available. Today is only two days later and I confess that I have devoured this work, its good side and its less good side, I have devoured everything in a few hours. And I have not resisted the temptation to write a review, because the things I have found may help me in my own work as a writer.

   Let's start with the least positive aspect. We are faced with writing that attracts attention for its ease. I have verified, on Amazon itself, that the previous work by this author, the only one published so far, was dated November 30, 2019. Maybe I am wrong, but I would bet that this novel has not taken its author more than three months to write. This does not mean that the quality of the prose is bad, on the contrary, syntactically and lexically it is absolutely correct. Furthermore, many passages are not content with correctness, but rise to considerable textual consistency. But it is noted that the text has been written at great speed, which gives us the measure of what it could have been if it had been prepared with more parsimony and accuracy.

   Another aspect that draws attention is what I consider to be an experimentation in relation to an element with respect to which no one has experimented with that magnitude, I am referring to the notion of author. I'm not talking about a narrator, who has been thoroughly experimented with, but rather an author. Because this is not a simple use of a pseudonym. The book is signed by Bernardo de Worms, using a particular formula, and the date is only the year 2020. Now, the narrator and protagonist is also Bernardo de Worms who, in the year 797 of our era, was 9 years old. He was therefore born in 788, according to which at the time of publishing his book he would have been a whopping 1,232 years old. This, obviously, no one believes. But of course, literature is not an exact, numerical science. Literature is essentially suggestion and there is no doubt that such an author suggests.

   Thirdly, I would like to comment on the extraordinary power and personality that the narrative voice acquires in many passages. A voice, let's say it right away, is complex, since it is the one that arises from a 9-year-old consciousness, passed through the sieve of another 1,232-year-old, or whatever. The latter often emerges warning that a certain comment should not be attributed to the young Bernardo, but to an old man, older than necessary. Thus, in passages such as the one intended to ponder the emotional effect that Gregorian chant in Latin produces on the listener, said voice becomes thick, rises, acquires potency and power, like the chant itself that threatens to burst the very vaults of the church. Also, right at the end, when the state of the bodies of the three executed is described, with marvelous economy of means, the day after the execution. Here it is clearly the old man, the ancient of days, who speaks.

   That same expressive power, in a direct style, appears when a character is given the floor in particularly dramatic circumstances, such as the moment when the abbot, exasperated by the chain of murders, vehemently apostrophizes the entire community because, of course, the murderer or murderers are mixed among that flock, which is his own.

   It is also worth clarifying that this is not a detective novel set in the medieval period, in the style of “The Name of the Rose.” There, William of Baskerville, was a 14th century Sherlock Holmes. In this work there are only attempts at the police when, for example, the abbey guard, Waldo, uses a rational method to find out who could have been the witness of the action that culminated the episode of the rat and that was also his objective. From that moment on, whether or not Waldo possesses the qualities of a good detective, there is no opportunity to know, since events will occur at such a speed that they barely give him enough time to follow them, always one movement later. Waldo is rather the “strong silent man”, the man who, through tenacity, punches given and received, ends up gaining the truth in an unhealthy or gloomy environment. That is to say, we are, squarely, in the crime novel genre.

   However, there is something more to this work. I am referring to the powerful mystical revelation it produces. We are on the path blazed by “The Da Vinci Code,” but we have been propelled much further into swampy, admittedly complicated terrain. Advancing through it could have unforeseeable consequences.

   The description of the object for which people kill in that abbey appears in the Bible, old Ramiro recites it from memory and tells us where it is found, in which book, in which chapter and in which verses. It is known that it was made to remain in the Temple of Solomon, and that when it was demolished it ended up in Rome, where it swelled the treasury of the Empire. Finally, the Visigoths, after sacking the Eternal City, brought it to Toledo. From there, faced with the Muslim threat, they had to take him north, so that he would remain in Christian territory. There are documentary traces of all this and also legends.

   That object, that work of art, but also of spirituality, seems to have the ineffable name of God engraved on it. Name of Power. The novel does not tell us what that name is, but we are given some information about the correct way to pronounce it. Even more so, in the correct way to pronounce any religious or magical text. There is the revolution.

   Now, those of us who are curious tend to always go further. If this object belongs to the Jewish tradition, specifically that of Jewish mysticism or Kabbalah, then the supreme authority is Gershom Scholem. According to this scholar, the secret and ineffable name of God is the Tetragama Y.H.V.H and the Torah, for Christians the first five books of the Old Testament, constitutes its exegesis. But tradition strictly prohibits pronouncing that name, which is why it is said to be ineffable, or perhaps because no one knows the vowels on which to support those consonants. In any case, in the novel this is not enough. Something more is needed and there is the mother of the lamb.

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65 WAYS TO KILL YOUR VICTIM, ON PAPER

THE CRIME WRITER'S HANDBOOK, by Douglas Wynn, is a remarkably effective tool in the workshop of every writer who begins to write crime or detective novels. The book has the suggestive subtitle: “65 ways to kill your victim, on paper”, of course. Although then everyone can do what they want with it, if they are not afraid to face the weight of the law. The structure of the work presents three well-defined and successive parts: murder methods, detection and forensic science methods, finally a miscellaneous part that includes police procedures, legal terms and other useful concepts, often necessary to avoid making mistakes by those who are not familiar with the technical aspect of the matter. Since one thing is the aesthetic aspect of the murder, for which I rather refer to de Quincey and his “Murder Considered as One of the Fine Arts”, and another thing is the task of the police from the moment the crime scene is established until the end of the trial, if there is one. In each of the parts, the different entries are presented in alphabetical order, which facilitates a subsequent search. Also next to each method appears a notation out of 10, which includes three aspects regarding the first part, murder methods, namely: availability (if the murderer has decided to strangle his victim, he does not have to go far to find the crime weapon, since it is his own hands; on the other hand, if he has decided to use curare, then it will be somewhat cruder, which is why Wynn rates the latter with a score of 3 out of 10), effectiveness, and the greater or lesser ease with which investigators they can detect it. To continue with curare, let us specify that it has a 7 out of 10 for effectiveness and a 4 out of ten for detection. Regarding the detection methods used by law enforcement, the rating is given in order of two aspects: ease of observation and effectiveness. All of this is accompanied by brief summaries of both real and fictional cases.

If you are interested, you can find it on Amazon:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Crime-Writers-Handbook-guides/dp/0749003456

And whoever wants to see how I have used it myself:

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SEVEN DAY MENU

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Foreword:

A plant-based diet for:

Facilitate weight loss:

In a 2014 study, researchers compared the effectiveness of several plant-based diets for weight loss. Participants were overweight adults between 18 and 65 years old.
Results: Those following the vegan diet lost the most weight at 2 and 6 months. After 6 months, the weight loss of the vegan group (-7.5 kg) was significantly different from that of the omnivores (-3.1 kg), semi-vegetarians (-3.2 kg) and pesco-vegetarians (without meat but with fish) (-3.2 kg).

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Excerpt from The House Next Door

Alba Longa had stayed up late into the night examining the state of the language manifested by the copy of the “Picatrix” that Bardes had made available to him and had come to the conclusion that it was a forgery; obtained, without a doubt, by first going through a translation from Latin, then put into Castilian by an expert linguist, certainly, but who had to work alone and obviously, on such a long text, we always make errors inadvertently, yes, chronological incompatibilities, or, to use the language of Saussure: a false superposition of synchronies. It is obvious that medieval synchrony presents numerous fluctuations and hesitations, although always within certain limits. Alba had managed to spot a few of these blunders, enough of them to make a diagnosis, and had noted them carefully. But of course, what Bards had asked of him was complete expertise, and that meant a lot more work.
On the other hand, reading the document was difficult, at least with regard to the first treatise, because it required high knowledge in astrology and astronomy which he was far from possessing.
Despite his fatigue, he had imposed on himself the obligation to get up early, which is why he had taken the precaution of leaving the shutter wide open, so that the sun would wake him up early, and that was how it was.
While he was showering, he began to consider that Bardes was certainly taking a risk in doing business with people who were obviously trying to fool him. If they try on this, they could perfectly well do it on other things, or have already done it. It seems unlikely that they would have purchased this manuscript themselves without prior expertise, such as Bardes intends to carry out. So it does not seem unfounded to conclude that the falsification comes from them. However, it would be necessary to know the exact circumstances and Bardes did not provide detailed explanations.
From his window he could see that breakfast was being served on the terrace and that Bardes was already at the table, reading the newspaper. So, he decided to dress hastily and have a snack with his host. On the stairs he met Clara who happily placed two kisses on his cheeks as a hello.
Seeing them arrive, the painter folded his newspaper and casually left it on the flagstones.
-You are both morning people! It is an indicator that suggests a healthy life. Even if you worked until late last night. Old people sleep badly and I saw the light at your window.
Alba had the impression that Bardes was going to ask her for an initial assessment of the document, but that was not the case.
-Let's see, grandfather, don't walk around. You know very well that you are not old. Your problem is that you are possessed by an addiction to painting. It's high time you calm down.
-I already did it, my little one. My eye is no longer the same, and my hand has become heavier, whatever you say.
-In any case, you should start enjoying a day like this, for example, by reading in the sun in your garden or by taking a little walk in the mountains.
-Maybe I will. It's not a bad idea. And you, how do you plan to enjoy this magnificent day?
-I had planned to take a tour of the gallery to see how things are going there. Also, I hoped that Alba would be kind enough to accompany me. This would give us the opportunity to have lunch in an excellent restaurant in the port of Villefranche.
Alba had planned to work hard throughout the day to ensure that he had a solid plan for his exhibition. But, of course, it seemed to him that it was perhaps not very polite to refuse such a kindly proposition. So he accepted without letting a shadow of doubt appear on his face.
-If I were you, I would take a little time before going out.
-And why?
-There is a strike today in almost everything. Trains, buses, garbage collectors, primary and secondary teachers… People take the car and Nice will remain congested at least until 10 a.m.
-Say! – cried Clara, resigned. –
-This time it seems to me that it is serious – a spark burned in Bards' eyes. – The El-Khomri law was the straw that broke the camel's back. Macron's reforms and his provocative positions against those who live, or aspire to live, from their work, article 49-3, the revelations called "Panama Papers", the permanent deception and hypocrisy, the formidable maneuver of globalization, whose unacknowledged goal is to enrich the rich and impoverish the poor, with the backdrop of this crisis shrouded in a cloak of suspicion. All this had the consequence that the masses were finally forced to open their eyes, even those who voluntarily closed them so as not to see, like the sensitive souls who cover them in front of a horror film. Chapters like that of the Greek crisis have removed the veils and masks and consequently the economic and political agents appear with their true viper face saturated with venom and thirsty for blood. Despite everything, they do not know the whole truth: namely, that, in a short time, if they still wish to breathe a little air, as before, to have a very small piece of life, they have been left with no other alternative than to tear this capitalist society down to its foundations, not to leave one stone upon another, to lay everything flat, like a barbaric people who refuse to hear any other reason than that of their own survival. Because it is no longer a question of maintaining a class society, but rather of squeezing the juice of the masses down to the spinal cord, of stealing from them any possibility of absorbing a single drop of life and of hiding from them any reflection of dignity, because without dignity there is no indignation. In the height of their pride, they tightened the bolts to the point that we could do without our eyes, since even the eyes of the blind feel the pressure.
Alba made a brief gesture of assent.
-I admit – he admitted – that I have always been a convinced European, convinced that this diversity of languages and cultures, of widely proven prestige, should give us a new and unstoppable impetus and that, if we stopped once and for all beating on each other, we were on the verge of creating a resplendent civilization, in which we would all have our place and that there would be a reasonable possibility of achieving the individual. However, the Greek crisis represented what you say, a fall of masks. This Europe that we are being prepared for is, far from it, the one we had imagined, the one we had hoped to create against all odds.
-The masks have fallen and, for the first time in many years, people are willing to come down to the arena to fight it out. Here, in France, we think we are very intelligent with these famous two-round elections. But at the last elections, when, as usual, in Nice, only right-wing and far-right posters remained on the doors of the polling stations, I saw, stuck on the panels, handwritten sheets of paper in which real people, not centers of power, not bulldozers flattening the ground with rolls of money, shout their anger and where one can read, point by point, the same things that I have just mentioned. These are people who gritted their teeth and fought proudly to build a future for their children, but they realized that their children have no future.
Bardes said out loud what Alba had thought more than once for quite some time. But such a speech could only surprise him coming from the mouth of a man who had experienced tangible, unquestionable success, and who lived surrounded by Roman wealth.
The painter seemed to read his thoughts.
-You may be surprised to see these kinds of words come out of a rich person's pocket. But, you see, not releasing them at this time would be like committing a mortal sin against the truth.
Indeed, Alba reflects, in Bardes the intellectual conscious of his function as such predominated.
-In addition to that – concludes the latter – rich and less rich, as well as beggars like rats, we will all participate in this poisonous banquet for which each guest will pay dearly for the invitation.
This time even Clara did not dare to joke with her grandfather's sentences, although it seemed obvious that she would have liked to take away a little of their acidity. But she abstained.
-But anyway – the young girl hastened to change the subject – we will have to wait until at least 10 o'clock.
-For my part, I think I'm going to follow your advice and take a little walk along the slope of this mountain. A little exercise will do me good. So I won't expect you for lunch. This is very good, young people must go out and see the world.
-It seems that to get to Villefranche you would have to cross the tropical line.
-Good, good. Don't rush back. Today the weather is splendid, but it seems that it will not last.

“Yes, he spent the night at home. It was to be expected, the flies start to circle near the cake. The relative peace we have enjoyed until now could not last. Fortunately we have the resources to crush those who, deliberately or not, get too close to the epicenter of this telluric whirlwind. This is the mission assigned to me and I do not know a pleasure comparable to that of accomplishing, point by point, all the obligations capable of guaranteeing its absolute security. One more night and I would be reasonably authorized to take adequate preventative measures to deal with an emergency situation. Even if it is subsequently necessary to modify the report somewhat. The effluvia of the blood of the last executed awakened the slumbering wild beasts and which began to prowl along the borders of consciousness and behold, they took away my peace.

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